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       The 
      figure to the right shows another approach commonly employed to protect a laser diode from 
      ESD. In this approach a multi-layer varistor is placed in parallel with 
      the laser diode. A multi-layer varistor is a device whose resistance 
      changes, decreasing nonlinearly, with increases in voltage that appear 
      across the terminals. 
      
      
      Although some multi-layer varistors claim to have response times in the 
      sub-nanosecond 
      range, their breakdown voltage (the voltage at which the varistor 
      transitions from high resistance to low resistance) is typically well in 
      excess of the 2.2-volt lasing threshold, or 2.0-volt maximum reverse-bias 
      voltage of a typical low-power laser diode. A multi-layer varistor whose 
      breakdown voltage is below 3.6 volts is not known to us at Lasorb. 
      
      
      Therefore, this approach is not believed to be completely effective in 
      preventing a low-power, fast-response laser diode from being damaged by 
      15,000-volt ESD. 
       
      
        
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            ESD polarity terminology used on this 
            web site 
            
            The term “positive-ESD” is used to 
            mean electrostatic discharge (ESD) whose voltage polarity would tend 
            to forward-bias a laser diode.  “Negative-ESD,” means ESD whose 
            voltage polarity would tend to reverse-bias a laser diode.  | 
           
         
       
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